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src/routes/en/overview.tsx
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@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
import { Link, Title, useNavigate } from "solid-start";
import { A, Link, Title, useNavigate } from "solid-start";
import DeviceTile from "~/components/DeviceTile";
import R from "~/components/Reference";
function Overview() {
const navigate = useNavigate();
@ -8,30 +9,30 @@ function Overview() {
<Title>Introduction EUCs</Title>
<Link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles/overview.css" />
<div id="navbar">
<a href="/en/">Start</a>
<a href="#start">What are EUCs?</a>
<a href="#why">Why EUCs?</a>
<a href="#funktion">Functionality</a>
<a href="#begriffe">Glossarry</a>
<a href="#sicherheit">Safety</a>
<a href="#ausrüstung">Gear</a>
<a href="#cutout">Cut-out's</a>
<a href="#akkuss">Battery safety</a>
<a href="#fahrweise">Ride style</a>
<a href="#wobbles">Wobbles</a>
<a href="#leistung">Performance</a>
<a href="#federung">Suspension</a>
<a href="#reifen">Tires</a>
<a href="#historie">History</a>
<a href="manufacturers">Manufacturers</a>
<a href="#geräte">Device list</a>
<A href="/en/">Start</A>
<A href="#start">What are EUCs?</A>
<A href="#why">Why EUCs?</A>
<A href="#funktion">Functionality</A>
<A href="#begriffe">Glossarry</A>
<A href="#sicherheit">Safety</A>
<A href="#ausrüstung">Gear</A>
<A href="#cutout">Cut-out's</A>
<A href="#akkuss">Battery safety</A>
<A href="#fahrweise">Ride style</A>
<A href="#wobbles">Wobbles</A>
<A href="#leistung">Performance</A>
<A href="#federung">Suspension</A>
<A href="#reifen">Tires</A>
<A href="#historie">History</A>
<A href="/en/manufacturers">Manufacturers</A>
<A href="#geräte">Device list</A>
{/* <button onclick="myFunction()">Light Mode</button> */}
{/* <button onclick="window.location.href='/de/overview';">Sprache</button> */}
<div>{/* <button onclick="closeit()"><a> <-Close</a></button> */}</div>
<div>{/* <button onclick="closeit()"><A> <-Close</A></button> */}</div>
</div>
<div id="sidenavbar">
<button onClick={() => navigate(-1)}>Back</button>
<a href="#start">Start</a>
<A href="#start">Start</A>
{/* <button onclick="menü()">Menu</button> */}
</div>
<header id="start">
@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ function Overview() {
<p>First, this side looks best opened on PC at fullscreen, because then some extra photos and videos will appear which are hidden otherwise. Mouse hover effects also only appear on PC.</p>
<p>
Second, you may not know every word written here, which is why there is a <a href="#begriffe">glossary</a> and you can click on certian words to find a definition.
Second, you may not know every word written here, which is why there is a <R href="#begriffe">glossary</R> and you can click on certian words to find a definition.
</p>
<p>
@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ function Overview() {
</div>
<img class="lefties" src="/images/KidsKS16X.jpg" />
<p>
EUC stands for <b>E</b>lectric<b>U</b>ni<b>C</b>ycle. In simplest terms its a battery powered motor surrounded by a motorcycle tire, kept upright with gyroskopes. The principle is similar to a segway, but more on that in chapter <a href="#funktion">technical functionality</a>. You stand on two sidemounted pedals, facing forward with the wheel inbetween your legs. To accelerate you lean forward, to break you lean back. Steering is similar to a normal unicycle or bike.
EUC stands for <b>E</b>lectric<b>U</b>ni<b>C</b>ycle. In simplest terms its a battery powered motor surrounded by a motorcycle tire, kept upright with gyroskopes. The principle is similar to a segway, but more on that in chapter <R href="#funktion">technical functionality</R>. You stand on two sidemounted pedals, facing forward with the wheel inbetween your legs. To accelerate you lean forward, to break you lean back. Steering is similar to a normal unicycle or bike.
</p>
</div>
@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ function Overview() {
</p>
<p>
Another reason is also due to the form factor: it is super easy to <b>travel with</b>. Every current unicycle has a <a href="#trolley">trolley handle</a>, a pull-out handle similar to a suitcase. Since the device is selfbalancing, it's super easy to have it ride it self alongside you without any hassle. Whether on the train or on the bus, where you can get through yourself, the unicycle can also get through, as the pedals can be folded in to make it even narrower. It doesn't matter how much the device weighs, because unless there are stairs, it always keeps itself upright.
Another reason is also due to the form factor: it is super easy to <b>travel with</b>. Every current unicycle has a <R href="#trolley">trolley handle</R>, a pull-out handle similar to a suitcase. Since the device is selfbalancing, it's super easy to have it ride it self alongside you without any hassle. Whether on the train or on the bus, where you can get through yourself, the unicycle can also get through, as the pedals can be folded in to make it even narrower. It doesn't matter how much the device weighs, because unless there are stairs, it always keeps itself upright.
</p>
<p>
@ -232,11 +233,11 @@ function Overview() {
</p>
<p>
All battery packs have a
All battery packs have a{" "}
<b>
<a href="#BMS">BMS</a>
</b>
(Battery Management System), which ,dependant on the variant and quality, ensures the safety of the cells. If battery cells get overloaded, discharged or charged too much, they can in the best case lose capacity and in the worst case burst into flames. A good <a href="#BMS">BMS</a> is therefore essential for the safety and longevity of the device and the rider. More on this in the <a href="#akkuss">Battery Safety</a> section.
<R href="#BMS">BMS</R>
</b>{" "}
(Battery Management System), which ,dependant on the variant and quality, ensures the safety of the cells. If battery cells get overloaded, discharged or charged too much, they can in the best case lose capacity and in the worst case burst into flames. A good <R href="#BMS">BMS</R> is therefore essential for the safety and longevity of the device and the rider. More on this in the <R href="#akkuss">Battery Safety</R> section.
</p>
<div class="righties">
@ -246,15 +247,11 @@ function Overview() {
<img src="/images/realMoBo1.PNG" />
</div>
<p>
The <b>motherboard</b> consists of, among other things, the power input from the battery and charging socket, the three phasewires that connect the motor,{" "}
<a href="https:/de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall-Oxid-Halbleiter-Feldeffekttransistor" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
MOSFETs
</a>{" "}
and capacitors for current regulation and the tilt sensors, as well as sometimes a screen and a Bluetooth module. The power input from the battery usually runs via XT90 connectors, which are made for high currents. This current is distributed via the MOSFETs, between 6 and 42 of them depending on the device, to the 3 phases that the motor needs to run. Capacitors (between 4 and 18) deliver peak power, which would be too fast for the <a href="#akku">battery</a>. So far the usual buildup for a motherboard.
The <b>motherboard</b> consists of, among other things, the power input from the battery and charging socket, the three phasewires that connect the motor, <R href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall-Oxid-Halbleiter-Feldeffekttransistor">MOSFETs</R> and capacitors for current regulation and the tilt sensors, as well as sometimes a screen and a Bluetooth module. The power input from the battery usually runs via XT90 connectors, which are made for high currents. This current is distributed via the MOSFETs, between 6 and 42 of them depending on the device, to the 3 phases that the motor needs to run. Capacitors (between 4 and 18) deliver peak power, which would be too fast for the <R href="#akku">battery</R>. So far the usual buildup for a motherboard.
</p>
<p>
However, unicycles need more specialized boards, as they also have to enable strong <b>recuperation</b>. This means that while braking, the braking energy goes back into the <a href="#akku">battery</a> and, in contrast to an electric car, to the full extent. The recuperation ability of a motherboard is decisive for the braking performance of an unicycle. It must therefore be possible to take back just as much current as can be put out, if not more.
However, unicycles need more specialized boards, as they also have to enable strong <b>recuperation</b>. This means that while braking, the braking energy goes back into the <R href="#akku">battery</R> and, in contrast to an electric car, to the full extent. The recuperation ability of a motherboard is decisive for the braking performance of an unicycle. It must therefore be possible to take back just as much current as can be put out, if not more.
</p>
<p>The screen and Bluetooth module are used, among other things, for displaying speed, music playback and information about the battery level and current power output. Some devices with a touchscreen can also adjust driving style and incline without a mobile phone app connection.</p>
@ -266,11 +263,7 @@ function Overview() {
<img src="/images/realMotor.png" />
</div>
<p>
The <b id="motor">motor</b> of a unicycle is a 3-phase hub motor, i.e. a motor whose outer part is also the <a href="#reifen">tire</a>. The exact functionality and explonation you can find{" "}
<a href="https:/www.electricunicycles.eu/motor_in_electric_unicycle_part_1-c__201" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
here
</a>
. This saves noisy chains, gears and space, but also requires more precise motor control and finer coils as well as magnets inside. The motors are equipped with hall sensors, sometimes 2 for safety, which communicate the exact position of the motor to the motherboard. There is a distinction between high speed (HS) and high torque (HT) motors.
The <b id="motor">motor</b> of a unicycle is a 3-phase hub motor, i.e. a motor whose outer part is also the <R href="#reifen">tire</R>. The exact functionality and explonation you can find <R href="https://www.electricunicycles.eu/motor_in_electric_unicycle_part_1-c__201">here</R>. This saves noisy chains, gears and space, but also requires more precise motor control and finer coils as well as magnets inside. The motors are equipped with hall sensors, sometimes 2 for safety, which communicate the exact position of the motor to the motherboard. There is a distinction between high speed (HS) and high torque (HT) motors.
</p>
<p>
@ -282,7 +275,7 @@ function Overview() {
</p>
<p>
Since the introduction of 126v and <b>134v systems</b> this is a bit more unclear, so that now a HT motor at 134v can also reach 92kmh and still have enough torque to drive up almost 50° steep walls. We will soon see what a HS motor at 134v can achieve. Most of the time the battery and the motherboard are the limiting factor, the motors could do more in most cases. Thats why <a href="#begode">Gotway/Begode</a> has been using the same 2 motors for years now, only increasing battery performance and operating voltage.
Since the introduction of 126v and <b>134v systems</b> this is a bit more unclear, so that now a HT motor at 134v can also reach 92kmh and still have enough torque to drive up almost 50° steep walls. We will soon see what a HS motor at 134v can achieve. Most of the time the battery and the motherboard are the limiting factor, the motors could do more in most cases. Thats why <R href="#begode">Gotway/Begode</R> has been using the same 2 motors for years now, only increasing battery performance and operating voltage.
</p>
<p>The interaction of all these components results in an extremely powerful, small and fast device, which accelerates from 0 to 50kmh in 3 seconds and can reach up to 90kmh, climbs 50° steep walls and still fits under the table.</p>
@ -314,7 +307,7 @@ function Overview() {
</p>
<p class="imghover">
<b id="spiked-pedals">Spiked-pedals</b>: Spikes on the pedals that give shoes more grip. Similar to mountain bike pedals, there are usually screw-in pointed metal pins that grip into the shoe to prevent accidental slipping. Is used today instead of sandpaper, as it offers an excellent grip even in wet and muddy conditions. <a href="https:/youtu.be/aWU9lZAfKXM">Example</a>
<b id="spiked-pedals">Spiked-pedals</b>: Spikes on the pedals that give shoes more grip. Similar to mountain bike pedals, there are usually screw-in pointed metal pins that grip into the shoe to prevent accidental slipping. Is used today instead of sandpaper, as it offers an excellent grip even in wet and muddy conditions. <R href="https://youtu.be/aWU9lZAfKXM">Example</R>
</p>
<div class="hidden">
<img src="/images/SpikedPedals.jpeg" />
@ -336,7 +329,7 @@ function Overview() {
</p>
<p>
<b>Wobbles</b>: describes the unintentional wobbling of the device at higher speeds. More on this <a href="#wobbles">here</a>
<b>Wobbles</b>: describes the unintentional wobbling of the device at higher speeds. More on this <R href="#wobbles">here</R>
</p>
</div>
@ -353,15 +346,15 @@ function Overview() {
</p>
<p>
<b>Cut-off /Cut-out</b>: Sudden shutting off of the device while riding, see chapter <a href="#cutout">Cut-out</a>.
<b>Cut-off /Cut-out</b>: Sudden shutting off of the device while riding, see chapter <R href="#cutout">Cut-out</R>.
</p>
<p>
<b>HS Motor</b>: High Speed motor, see chapter <a href="#motor">Motor</a>.
<b>HS Motor</b>: High Speed motor, see chapter <R href="#motor">Motor</R>.
</p>
<p>
<b>HT Motor</b>: High Torque motor, see chapter <a href="#motor">Motor</a>.
<b>HT Motor</b>: High Torque motor, see chapter <R href="#motor">Motor</R>.
</p>
<p>
@ -373,11 +366,11 @@ function Overview() {
</p>
<p>
<b id="wh">Wh</b>: Watt hours, energy storage information, shows how much energy the <a href="#akku">battery</a> can store. 3000wh means the battery could give 3000w for over an hour, or 1500w for 2 hours etc.
<b id="wh">Wh</b>: Watt hours, energy storage information, shows how much energy the <R href="#akku">battery</R> can store. 3000wh means the battery could give 3000w for over an hour, or 1500w for 2 hours etc.
</p>
<p>
<b>BMS</b>: stands for Battery Management System, <a href="#BMS">explained here</a>
<b>BMS</b>: stands for Battery Management System, <R href="#BMS">explained here</R>
</p>
<p>
@ -418,15 +411,11 @@ function Overview() {
<img src="/images/Gear1.jpg" />
</div>
<p>
Any EUC YouTuber and experienced rider will tell you that protective gear is essential. Depending on the speed, protective equipment definitely includes hand and kneeguards like the famous{" "}
<a href="https:/www.amazon.de/-/en/Leatt-Brace-Unisex-Double-5017010182/dp/B01M9DCEPO?th are popular =1&psc=1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
Leatt dual axis knee guards
</a>
. At <b>below 30kmh</b>, i.e. very small devices, you can also ride without equipment if necessary. It's not something people like to see, but if you're a bit sporty, you can just outrun every crash. Something that is not possible with bicycles.
Any EUC YouTuber and experienced rider will tell you that protective gear is essential. Depending on the speed, protective equipment definitely includes hand and kneeguards like the famous <R href="https://www.amazon.de/-/en/Leatt-Brace-Unisex-Double-5017010182/dp/B01M9DCEPO?th are popular =1&psc=1">Leatt dual axis knee guards</R>. At <b>below 30kmh</b>, i.e. very small devices, you can also ride without equipment if necessary. It's not something people like to see, but if you're a bit sporty, you can just outrun every crash. Something that is not possible with bicycles.
</p>
<p>
At higher speeds (<b>above 30kmh</b>) a helmet should be worn, preferably a full-face helmet. An MTB helmet is sufficient for speeds up to 60 km/h, or one from the motocross sector. Elbow and shoulder protection should also be considered. The <a href="https:/lazyrolling.com/">LazyRolling</a> jackets are popular here, as they all have built-in protectors and usually also offer good visibility at night. For the helmets, the <a href="https:/www.ridetsg.com/shop/pass-pro-solid-color----bonus-visor-/79025-30-173/">TSG Pass</a> and recently the <a href="https:/www.predatorhelmets.com/products/dh6-x">Predator DH6-X</a> are very popular because of the high field of view, small weight and stylish look. At speeds of <b>80 to 100kmh</b> you should think about motorcycle gear as the items mentioned above are not built for these speeds.
At higher speeds (<b>above 30kmh</b>) a helmet should be worn, preferably a full-face helmet. An MTB helmet is sufficient for speeds up to 60 km/h, or one from the motocross sector. Elbow and shoulder protection should also be considered. The <R href="https://lazyrolling.com/">LazyRolling</R> jackets are popular here, as they all have built-in protectors and usually also offer good visibility at night. For the helmets, the <R href="https://www.ridetsg.com/shop/pass-pro-solid-color----bonus-visor-/79025-30-173/">TSG Pass</R> and recently the <R href="https://www.predatorhelmets.com/products/dh6-x">Predator DH6-X</R> are very popular because of the high field of view, small weight and stylish look. At speeds of <b>80 to 100kmh</b> you should think about motorcycle gear as the items mentioned above are not built for these speeds.
</p>
<p>
@ -457,7 +446,7 @@ function Overview() {
</p>
<p>
Almost all devices emit a loud beeping sound when they are close to the load limit to warn the driver. Many also use tilt-back to keep riders below top speed, which works very effectively. It also happens more and more frequently that the motor is only switched off for a very short time in the event of an overload, in order to protect the electronics. This then causes a <a href="#pedaldip">pedal dip</a>, and in most cases the ride can be continued normally.
Almost all devices emit a loud beeping sound when they are close to the load limit to warn the driver. Many also use tilt-back to keep riders below top speed, which works very effectively. It also happens more and more frequently that the motor is only switched off for a very short time in the event of an overload, in order to protect the electronics. This then causes a <R href="#pedaldip">pedal dip</R>, and in most cases the ride can be continued normally.
</p>
<p>Motherboards are now so robust and power output is so high that overload induced cut-outs are rare, and then only when the rider is driving extremely aggressively or there was something wrong with the device beforehand, like in this example video right.</p>
@ -467,7 +456,7 @@ function Overview() {
</p>
<p>
The final example here is a <b>low battery</b>. When the battery is low, the device no longer runs at the full 100.8V, but rather around 80V. If a lot of power is now required, there will be a voltage drop as described in the <a href="#akku">Battery</a> chapter. If the voltage falls below the minimum, the electronics switch off. Modern devices limit the top speed when the battery level drops, but in particular some <a href="#begode">Gotway</a> devices dont do this. This causes riders to demand high performance despite a low battery level, and thus not only damage their battery in the long term, but also damage themselves in the short term as a result of a cut-off.
The final example here is a <b>low battery</b>. When the battery is low, the device no longer runs at the full 100.8V, but rather around 80V. If a lot of power is now required, there will be a voltage drop as described in the <R href="#akku">Battery</R> chapter. If the voltage falls below the minimum, the electronics switch off. Modern devices limit the top speed when the battery level drops, but in particular some <R href="#begode">Gotway</R> devices dont do this. This causes riders to demand high performance despite a low battery level, and thus not only damage their battery in the long term, but also damage themselves in the short term as a result of a cut-off.
</p>
<p>Despite all these reasons, cut-outs are very rare and, if you ride correctly, almost never a problem. And if you buy historically safe devices like the KS16X or Veteran Sherman, you can be relatively unmindful.</p>
@ -479,12 +468,7 @@ function Overview() {
<div class="row">
<h3 id="akkuss">Battery safety and fires</h3>
<p>
First of all: in contrast to for example hoverboards, unicycles are quite safe in terms of fire and battery safety. In the past, however, <a href="#begode">Gotway/Begode</a> in particular was known for battery fires and a lack of battery safety. But since recently the{" "}
<a href="https:/youtu.be/8h41p13e4TU?t=610" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
{" "}
KS S22 prototype burned spectacularly
</a>
, the worry is now also there for other brands.
First of all: in contrast to for example hoverboards, unicycles are quite safe in terms of fire and battery safety. In the past, however, <R href="#begode">Gotway/Begode</R> in particular was known for battery fires and a lack of battery safety. But since recently the <R href="https://youtu.be/8h41p13e4TU?t=610"> KS S22 prototype burned spectacularly</R>, the worry is now also there for other brands.
</p>
<div class="righties">
<video width="auto" height="auto" autoplay muted loop>
@ -497,27 +481,23 @@ function Overview() {
</p>
<p>
<b>Deep discharge</b>, i.e. discharging below the recommended cell voltage, damages the <a href="#akku">battery</a> and increases the risk. Begode in particular has little protection, and usually allows a lot of power to be drawn when the battery level is low, by letting the device run until it's completely drained. But Ninebot also has a problem with this, because the <a href="#akku">battery</a> also discharges when the device is off due to the <a href="#BMS">BMS</a>. Long standing times without recharging will lead to damage. Ninebot has little-known brands, more on that in the <a href="manufacturers">manufacturers chapter</a>.
<b>Deep discharge</b>, i.e. discharging below the recommended cell voltage, damages the <R href="#akku">battery</R> and increases the risk. Begode in particular has little protection, and usually allows a lot of power to be drawn when the battery level is low, by letting the device run until it's completely drained. But Ninebot also has a problem with this, because the <R href="#akku">battery</R> also discharges when the device is off due to the <R href="#BMS">BMS</R>. Long standing times without recharging will lead to damage. Ninebot has little-known brands, more on that in the <R href="/en/manufacturers">manufacturers chapter</R>.
</p>
<p>
<b>Devices with a 4P configuration</b>, i.e. only 4 <a href="#parallelen">parallel</a> Battery cell rows are also more often affected by battery fires. As mentioned in the <a href="#akku">Battery</a> part, this is because the cells are heavily loaded in a 4P configuration and therefore can be damaged and only have a short lifespan.
<b>Devices with a 4P configuration</b>, i.e. only 4 <R href="#parallelen">parallel</R> Battery cell rows are also more often affected by battery fires. As mentioned in the <R href="#akku">Battery</R> part, this is because the cells are heavily loaded in a 4P configuration and therefore can be damaged and only have a short lifespan.
</p>
<p>
<b>Physical damage</b>, i.e. shock or penetration of the cells, can also lead to a short circuit and, in the worst case, to a fire. This is rather rare, but also more common with Begode, since the batteries are packed exclusively in shrinkwrap and can then move relatively freely in the housing. Whereas <a href="manufacturers">Kingsong</a> and <a href="manufacturers">Inmotion</a> pack the batteries separately and usually also make them waterproof.
<b>Physical damage</b>, i.e. shock or penetration of the cells, can also lead to a short circuit and, in the worst case, to a fire. This is rather rare, but also more common with Begode, since the batteries are packed exclusively in shrinkwrap and can then move relatively freely in the housing. Whereas <R href="/en/manufacturers">Kingsong</R> and <R href="/en/manufacturers">Inmotion</R> pack the batteries separately and usually also make them waterproof.
</p>
<p>
<b>Short circuits</b> on the motherboard are probably the most common causes of fires while or after driving. This aspect is quite self-explanatory and can only be prevented with adequate fuses on the <a href="#BMS">BMS</a>.
<b>Short circuits</b> on the motherboard are probably the most common causes of fires while or after driving. This aspect is quite self-explanatory and can only be prevented with adequate fuses on the <R href="#BMS">BMS</R>.
</p>
<p>
<b>Water damage</b> in the battery pack or on the motherboard can lead to flashovers, as with any electronic device. These can still lead to a fire days later, especially if the device is charged after it has been completely soaked. There was one{" "}
<a href="https:/youtu.be/WFLHCIbDJAw?t=939" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
case
</a>{" "}
just recently.
<b>Water damage</b> in the battery pack or on the motherboard can lead to flashovers, as with any electronic device. These can still lead to a fire days later, especially if the device is charged after it has been completely soaked. There was one <R href="https://youtu.be/WFLHCIbDJAw?t=939">case</R> just recently.
</p>
<div class="righties">
@ -539,7 +519,7 @@ function Overview() {
<p>Better BMS's, also known as smart BMS, can also actively adjust the voltage of the cells in order to avoid too great of a voltage difference between the cells. This is very important for the longevity of a battery pack.</p>
<p>
So far (2022) only the Kingsong S22 has a smart <a href="#BMS">BMS</a> which allows you to see and control the voltage of each cell in the app. Non-smart <a href="#BMS">BMS</a> have so-called passive balance, i.e. passive adjustment of the voltages of the cells. To do this, the device must be charged regularly to 100% and then left plugged in for a longer period of time.
So far (2022) only the Kingsong S22 has a smart <R href="#BMS">BMS</R> which allows you to see and control the voltage of each cell in the app. Non-smart <R href="#BMS">BMS</R> have so-called passive balance, i.e. passive adjustment of the voltages of the cells. To do this, the device must be charged regularly to 100% and then left plugged in for a longer period of time.
</p>
</div>
@ -567,7 +547,7 @@ function Overview() {
</p>
<p>
Riding the EUC is a very <b>skill based</b> means of transport. Even the emergency brake has to be practiced for a long time, in different scenarios and especially in curves. It often happens that drivers stop actively pushing and improving themselves after the first few kilometers. Therefore some with years of riding experience are unsafe when getting on and off, and do not know how to help themselves in emergency situations. Many have an incorrect stance or ride on wobbly legs, which causes <a href="#wobbles">wobbles</a> and leads to falls. That's also the reason why the New Yorker riders have fewer accidents than other groups and cities, despite or because they drive so aggressively and therefore have a very higher skill level. These machines can only do as much as their driver, and with the right skill they are capable of incredible things.
Riding the EUC is a very <b>skill based</b> means of transport. Even the emergency brake has to be practiced for a long time, in different scenarios and especially in curves. It often happens that drivers stop actively pushing and improving themselves after the first few kilometers. Therefore some with years of riding experience are unsafe when getting on and off, and do not know how to help themselves in emergency situations. Many have an incorrect stance or ride on wobbly legs, which causes <R href="#wobbles">wobbles</R> and leads to falls. That's also the reason why the New Yorker riders have fewer accidents than other groups and cities, despite or because they drive so aggressively and therefore have a very higher skill level. These machines can only do as much as their driver, and with the right skill they are capable of incredible things.
</p>
<div class="righties">
<video width="auto" height="auto" autoplay muted loop>
@ -588,11 +568,7 @@ function Overview() {
</p>
<p>
Secondly, you stand facing <b>forwards</b>, and therefore dont get{" "}
<a href="https:/dictionary.cambridge.org/de/worterbuch/englisch/yeet" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
yeeted
</a>{" "}
sideways into the ground like on OneWheels. Most can just jump off and run out under 26kmh without even falling. This is otherwise only possible with very few devices of this type. Of course you are not as safe as on a big motorbike, or as in a car. But compared to a motorcycle, the speeds are usually way lower and therefore much less dangerous. In addition, you usually wear the recommended equipment anyway, so that 99% of the time nothing happens at all.
Secondly, you stand facing <b>forwards</b>, and therefore dont get <R href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/de/worterbuch/englisch/yeet">yeeted</R> sideways into the ground like on OneWheels. Most can just jump off and run out under 26kmh without even falling. This is otherwise only possible with very few devices of this type. Of course you are not as safe as on a big motorbike, or as in a car. But compared to a motorcycle, the speeds are usually way lower and therefore much less dangerous. In addition, you usually wear the recommended equipment anyway, so that 99% of the time nothing happens at all.
</p>
</div>
@ -607,15 +583,15 @@ function Overview() {
</video>
</div>
<p>
Wobbles are a problem not fully understood yet. Wobble describes the <b>shaking</b> of the device side to side while riding fast. As mentioned in the <a href="#tires">tires</a> topic, road tires tend to wobble more often. The device then wobbles in its own resonance, also known in the motorcycles world.
Wobbles are a problem not fully understood yet. Wobble describes the <b>shaking</b> of the device side to side while riding fast. As mentioned in the <R href="#tires">tires</R> topic, road tires tend to wobble more often. The device then wobbles in its own resonance, also known in the motorcycles world.
</p>
<p>
You can avoid this by keeping the <b>tire pressure</b> lower and having a balanced machine, i.e. with even weight distribution. It also helps to be <b>carve</b> slightly, i.e. to ride slight slalom. If you still get wobbles, it helps to have good <a href="#pads">pads</a> as they give you more grip on the device and thus more time to react. But there are different opinions on how to actually end them: some say you should relax and brake, others say never brake, but grip harder and accelerate.
You can avoid this by keeping the <b>tire pressure</b> lower and having a balanced machine, i.e. with even weight distribution. It also helps to be <b>carve</b> slightly, i.e. to ride slight slalom. If you still get wobbles, it helps to have good <R href="#pads">pads</R> as they give you more grip on the device and thus more time to react. But there are different opinions on how to actually end them: some say you should relax and brake, others say never brake, but grip harder and accelerate.
</p>
<p>
However, the example video here is also an extreme case, albeit perfectly saved with the knee pads. In a normal case, you would feel a slight wobble when braking, and over time you would get it under control. Generally, many say it's a <b>matter of training</b> and experience. Also, devices like Gotway's MSuper series, RS's and EXN's are more vulnerable than, for example, the Veteran Sherman or the <a href="/KS22ENG">KS S22</a>.
However, the example video here is also an extreme case, albeit perfectly saved with the knee pads. In a normal case, you would feel a slight wobble when braking, and over time you would get it under control. Generally, many say it's a <b>matter of training</b> and experience. Also, devices like Gotway's MSuper series, RS's and EXN's are more vulnerable than, for example, the Veteran Sherman or the <R href="/KS22ENG">KS S22</R>.
</p>
</div>
@ -626,7 +602,7 @@ function Overview() {
<h3 id="leistung">Performance as a safety feature</h3>
<p>
Especially politicians and people outside of this sport think that more performance equals more risk. They are almost right with scooters and e-bikes because they do not depend on power for stabilization. EUCs, OneWheels, and all manner of hoverboards and Segways are, though, and that creates a bit of a contradiction. More power gives the rider a lot of <b>braking safety</b>, and <b>reduces the risk</b> of overload-induced <a href="#cutout">cut-offs</a>. A larger battery also provides more <b>power reserves</b> for difficult terrain. But more power also means significantly higher speeds, which opens the door to all the bad accidents in the first place.
Especially politicians and people outside of this sport think that more performance equals more risk. They are almost right with scooters and e-bikes because they do not depend on power for stabilization. EUCs, OneWheels, and all manner of hoverboards and Segways are, though, and that creates a bit of a contradiction. More power gives the rider a lot of <b>braking safety</b>, and <b>reduces the risk</b> of overload-induced <R href="#cutout">cut-offs</R>. A larger battery also provides more <b>power reserves</b> for difficult terrain. But more power also means significantly higher speeds, which opens the door to all the bad accidents in the first place.
</p>
</div>
@ -647,18 +623,12 @@ function Overview() {
<p>Tires can be divided into 3 categories:</p>
<p>
<b>Offroad</b> tyres, also known as nobbys, have a large and usually a very rough profile. They tend to be noisier on the road, have a larger turning circle, and don't feel nearly as agile and nimble on the road as street tires. On the other hand, they usually have excellent grip in the forest and can also drive through deep mud. It was also found that nobbys wobble less than street tires (
<a href="https:/youtu.be/qcRcUIF69LU" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
comparison
</a>
<b>Offroad</b> tyres, also known as nobbys, have a large and usually a very rough profile. They tend to be noisier on the road, have a larger turning circle, and don't feel nearly as agile and nimble on the road as street tires. On the other hand, they usually have excellent grip in the forest and can also drive through deep mud. It was also found that nobbys wobble less than street tires (<R href="https://youtu.be/qcRcUIF69LU">comparison</R>
), probably because of the lower tire pressure and the softer material. Nobbys also have the advantage that they usually last longer. A standard Kenda K262 easily lasts 10000km, where a CST road tire only lasts 3-4000km.
</p>
<p>
<b>Street tires</b> are, as the name suggests, better suited for asphalt, they make the device appear more agile and faster than a nobby. They are also significantly quieter, they feel significantly better in curves and allow very fine manoeuvres. There are 2 tires to mention here, the CST c-1488 which, to the chagrin of many, comes default with the device as a standard street tire. This tire has a short life span and, unlike the second tire, poor material. The second well-known tire is the Michelin City pro, which consists of a top material and therefore lasts longer.{" "}
<a href="https:/youtu.be/PjNLci-06-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
City Pro review
</a>
<b>Street tires</b> are, as the name suggests, better suited for asphalt, they make the device appear more agile and faster than a nobby. They are also significantly quieter, they feel significantly better in curves and allow very fine manoeuvres. There are 2 tires to mention here, the CST c-1488 which, to the chagrin of many, comes default with the device as a standard street tire. This tire has a short life span and, unlike the second tire, poor material. The second well-known tire is the Michelin City pro, which consists of a top material and therefore lasts longer. <R href="https://youtu.be/PjNLci-06-8">City Pro review</R>
</p>
<p>
@ -672,7 +642,7 @@ function Overview() {
<!--historie-->
*/}
<div class="row">
<h2 id="historie">Historie der EUCs</h2>
<h2 id="historie">History of EUCs</h2>
<div class="righties">
<img src="/images/solowheel-1.jpg" />
@ -680,25 +650,25 @@ function Overview() {
<img class="lefties" style={{ clear: "none" }} src="/images/historieEUC.webp" />
<p>
The underlying technique came with the
<a href="https:/de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segway_Personal_Transporter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
<R href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segway_Personal_Transporter">
<b>Segway</b>
</a>
on the market. But lacking performance, battery size and construction, together with bad design and a 10k price made for a spectacular flop of this technology. There were first prototypes and individual tests of an EUC as early as 1930, but it was not until the <b>SoloWheel</b> in 2010 that it had the typical properties of today's EUC. Even if this is the first considerable EUC, it is hardly usable from today's perspective. Unergonomic, weak, far too small of a battery and therefore hardly any braking or acceleration power (see <a href="#performance">Performance as a safety feature</a>). Nonetheless, this device marked the start of the sport, and thus defined it.
</R>
on the market. But lacking performance, battery size and construction, together with bad design and a 10k price made for a spectacular flop of this technology. There were first prototypes and individual tests of an EUC as early as 1930, but it was not until the <b>SoloWheel</b> in 2010 that it had the typical properties of today's EUC. Even if this is the first considerable EUC, it is hardly usable from today's perspective. Unergonomic, weak, far too small of a battery and therefore hardly any braking or acceleration power (see <R href="#performance">Performance as a safety feature</R>). Nonetheless, this device marked the start of the sport, and thus defined it.
</p>
<p>
It took another 4 years for
<a href="#kinsong">
<R href="#kinsong">
<b>KingSong</b>
</a>
</R>
to be foundet and driving innovation as a competitor.
<a href="#inmotion">
<R href="#inmotion">
<b>Inmotion</b>
</a>
</R>
followed suit and set the standard for quality and features. Only then did
<a href="#begode">
<R href="#begode">
<b>Gotway</b>
</a>
</R>
come onto the market. Gotway changed the nature of EUCs in a different way, and maybe even more so than Inmotion: from the start, they brought out more powerful devices then the others. They lacked good design and quality and they looked like hobby projects from the inside. Also, until recently, Gotway still used the same bad design for all devices, whereas Kingsong and Inmotion put a lot more thought into design and quality.
</p>
@ -706,10 +676,10 @@ function Overview() {
<img src="/images/z10.jpeg" />
</div>
<p>
<a href="#ninebot">
<R href="#ninebot">
<b>Ninebot</b>
</a>
bought Segway, and came out with the Ninebot One in <b>2015</b>. A 250Wh device with stylish LEDs and a white design. Then one device after the other came out. Gotway produces bigger and faster devices, Inmotion, Kingsong and Ninebot offered more and more features and tried to keep up with Gotway in terms of performance. In <b>2019</b> we saw the release of the initially unpopular, later iconic Ninebot Z10. 45kmh, 1100wh and an absolutely unique design still separates it from all other devices today. But it had many problems, and unfortunately it was the last EUC that Ninebot produced. At that point, Gotway was already at <b>50kmh+</b> with the Monster and Nicola, and the batteries were twice as big. Gotway, now called Begode, has built itself an image of high performance and speed. Many accepted the poor build quality and rare <a href="#akkuss">battery fires</a> because there were simply no alternative. This was slowly changing in <b>2020</b>, when Inmotion and Kingsong
</R>
bought Segway, and came out with the Ninebot One in <b>2015</b>. A 250Wh device with stylish LEDs and a white design. Then one device after the other came out. Gotway produces bigger and faster devices, Inmotion, Kingsong and Ninebot offered more and more features and tried to keep up with Gotway in terms of performance. In <b>2019</b> we saw the release of the initially unpopular, later iconic Ninebot Z10. 45kmh, 1100wh and an absolutely unique design still separates it from all other devices today. But it had many problems, and unfortunately it was the last EUC that Ninebot produced. At that point, Gotway was already at <b>50kmh+</b> with the Monster and Nicola, and the batteries were twice as big. Gotway, now called Begode, has built itself an image of high performance and speed. Many accepted the poor build quality and rare <R href="#akkuss">battery fires</R> because there were simply no alternative. This was slowly changing in <b>2020</b>, when Inmotion and Kingsong
both released 50kmh devices with a good design. And both devices are changing the market forever.
</p>
@ -719,14 +689,10 @@ function Overview() {
<p>
Inmotion and Kingsong both released the first devices with <b>suspension</b> relatively simultaneously. Kingsong created today's popular swing arm design, Inmotion developed an air piston based pedal suspension. Begode later copied both variants, of course in a much worse form, and ultimately stuck with the swing arm design.
<br />
<a href="#veteran">
<R href="#veteran">
<b>Veteran</b>
</a>
(Lieperkim) entered the market this year with the absolute bestseller Veteran Sherman. Just this device and the{" "}
<a href="https:/youtu.be/i2OwOEHQ4vA" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
videos
</a>{" "}
about it launched a whole wave of new unicyclers, just plain because it was the first well built and at the same time super fast device. Finally, you were no longer dependent on the inferior quality of Begode, but could cruise stably at <b>70kmh</b> and didn't have to worry about the batteries flying out of the housing in the event of a crash.
</R>
(Lieperkim) entered the market this year with the absolute bestseller Veteran Sherman. Just this device and the <R href="https://youtu.be/i2OwOEHQ4vA">videos</R> about it launched a whole wave of new unicyclers, just plain because it was the first well built and at the same time super fast device. Finally, you were no longer dependent on the inferior quality of Begode, but could cruise stably at <b>70kmh</b> and didn't have to worry about the batteries flying out of the housing in the event of a crash.
</p>
<p>
@ -734,7 +700,7 @@ function Overview() {
</p>
<p>
As you can easily see from the story so far, companies and unicycles are <b>developing faster and faster</b>. It took almost 6 years after the first unicycle until serious devices came onto the market. Then only 4 years to go from a shaky 35kmh to a stable 70kmh and 100km range. And in the last 2 years there have been so many innovations; Metal construction, suspension, smart BMS's, screens, spiked pedals as standard, usable <a href="#pads">pads</a> as standard, water resistance, 100kmh top speed, 240km range, almost 5000wh batteries...
As you can easily see from the story so far, companies and unicycles are <b>developing faster and faster</b>. It took almost 6 years after the first unicycle until serious devices came onto the market. Then only 4 years to go from a shaky 35kmh to a stable 70kmh and 100km range. And in the last 2 years there have been so many innovations; Metal construction, suspension, smart BMS's, screens, spiked pedals as standard, usable <R href="#pads">pads</R> as standard, water resistance, 100kmh top speed, 240km range, almost 5000wh batteries...
</p>
</div>
@ -744,11 +710,7 @@ function Overview() {
<div class="row">
<h2 id="geräte">List of devices</h2>
<p>
Only the most relevant and well-known devices are listed here, a complete, sortable overview is available{" "}
<a href="https:/www.electricunicycles.eu/product_catalog" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
here
</a>
.
Only the most relevant and well-known devices are listed here, a complete, sortable overview is available <R href="https://www.electricunicycles.eu/product_catalog">here</R>.
</p>
<DeviceTile href="KSS22" name="Kingsong S22" src="/videos/S20Werbevideo.mp4" />